Different Types of Dental Implants & Techniques
The Different Types of Dental Implants and Choosing One Right For You
Our body undergoes a lot of changes throughout our life. The bones and muscles develop and remodel over time, even hairs and nails grow back Teeth, however, do not regrow after they have fallen out. You may choose between a bridge crown or the newer and better implant, or you can suffer from the gap, which is not recommended, as any dentist will tell you.
Now is the time to point out that taking proper care of your teeth will help you prevent or delay the problem of decay, which can lead to extraction and the cost of an implant. Though implants may be costly; and prevention is preferable. Knowing about Implants Dentistry in west San Jose and how we will select affordable implant dentistry for you is beneficial.
Why Are Implants Best?
Even before implants were popular in dentistry in the 1960s, the most prevalent option was to utilize a crown-bridge combo. An artificial tooth is manufactured to cover the gap left by the missing tooth, and the tooth is kept in place by a bridge that rests on the adjacent teeth. When you’ve lost one or more teeth, this combination can help. Dentures replace a whole set of teeth on the upper or lower jaw. Though the crowns and bridges and dentures were once the most preferred option of teeth replacement , wearing and using them on a long run becomes cumbersome due to various drawbacks. The implant is a much better option. You should be aware of several sorts of Implants Dentistry in west San Jose, both in terms of materials and types.
Type Of Implants
Different dental Implants Dentistry in west San Jose is available to fit local circumstances.
- The cylinder dental implant is less frequent than the screw-type because the component that enters the bone has a smooth cylindrical form.
- The most frequent implant is the screw kind. There are two categories of people in this group. One type is the straight screw dental implant, which has the same diameter from top to bottom. The other kind is a tapered-end conical screw dental implant.
- The corrugations on the section that enters into the bone make it seem like a screw. The goal is for bone cells to adhere to the surface and retain the implant. The smooth top section allows gum tissue to develop around it and act as a seal.
Supported Treatments And Implants
The standard endosteal implant is suitable for most persons with enough healthy bone mass to allow the screw to be inserted at an appropriate depth. If your dentist thinks your bone isn’t strong enough, they may propose bone augmentation before the implant operation. In case of implants replacing upper teeth your dentist may suggest a procedure called sinus lift . Which is a sinus augmentation procedure that aims to increase the bone width in the posterior maxilla ,in the region of molars and premolars by raising the sinus floor membrane. A ridge enlargement surgery may be performed before the implant operation if the height and width of the jaw bone is not enough.
Which Implant Is Appropriate For You?
It is not up to you to choose between an endosteal and a subperiosteal implant. Your dentist will most likely take an X-ray of the region to determine which type of implant is appropriate for you. You will incur additional charges if you require bone augmentation, ridge expansion, or a sinus lift. In such circumstances, a crown-bridge combination may suffice. Trust your dentist to make the best dental implant decision for you.
Everything you need to know about All-On-4 Dental Implants
Overview
It may surprise you to learn that dental implants have existed for decades. The first dental implants were placed around 600 A.D.
They have, nevertheless, progressed with time. If you’re considering getting a dental implant right now, you should be thankful for one thing: the surgery will be painless. On the other hand, most early methods were crude, painful, and sometimes lethal.
Here’s a check out the history of dental implants and how they’ve changed over time.
Implants in Antiquity
Bamboo pegs were carved 4,000 years ago in China and used to replace missing teeth, leading to the discovery of implants. These were affixed directly to the mouth’s bone. Then around 2000 years later, the Egyptians began cutting valuable metals and pegging them onto the jawbone similarly. Archaeologists have also discovered many skulls with elephant ivory-made transplanted, artificial teeth.
Back in 1931, Wilson Popenoe and his wife discovered the skull of a young woman in Honduras. Interestingly in that skull three lost teeth in her lower jaw had been replaced with shells. The shells were fashioned to resemble the teeth’s structure. Because of bone development, these teeth were designed for function rather than looks.
With time, dental implants have become the go-to remedy for missing teeth because of advances in technology.
How Have Dental Implants Changed Over Time?
Dental implants were first created in the 18th century using a blend of gold and metal. Unfortunately, these trials were a resounding failure, but they set the path for future research that will be more beneficial.
In the 1800s, dental doctors used various materials, including silver and porcelain. One doctor used a porcelain implant with a platinum disc. These efforts, however, were in vain since the bone rejected all of the elements used. A successful implant is permanently fused to the jawbone.
Many doctors experimented with various materials throughout the 1900s, but none yielded long-term results.
When Did Dental Implants Become Popular?
Dr. Per-Ingvar Brnemark unintentionally discovered that titanium implants had a higher success rate in 1952, laying the groundwork for modern-day dental implants. He placed a titanium piece into the femur of a rabbit and could not remove it because the titanium had bonded with the bone.
After extensive testing, he used titanium to replace a lost tooth in one of his patients, and it was a success. For the dental implant industry, this was a tremendous stride forward. He then wrote other studies confirming the benefits of titanium in dental implants. Thanks to Dr. Per-Ingvar Branemark, dental implants have improved with time and are today what they are.
Present Day Implants
Titanium has been utilized to produce dental implants since its discovery by Dr. Per-Ingvar Brnemark. On top of millions of other implants from newer firms, almost seven million implants from the Branemark System have been transplanted.
Dental implants are still made of high-grade titanium and fashioned so that they can be securely attached to the jawbone. Despite the hazards, this is still the best and most successful method of implant placement.
Family Dentistry at South San Jose
Introduction
Everyone knows how important oral health is. Maintaining healthy, clean, and strong teeth brings a beautiful smile to our entire life. It also helps reduce the risk of infections, heart disease, and even cancer. Family dentistry is more important than ever. As oral hygiene becomes more important, finding a reliable family dental practice is also essential.
At The Dental Dimensions, dentists provide preventive and restorative family dental services to patients of all ages to help them maintain good oral health. Since childhood, creating healthy gums and teeth has mainly been important.
What is Family Dentistry?
Family dentists provide dental treatment to people from childhood to adulthood if the patient so desires. This allows the dentist to keep a detailed record of the patient’s dental treatment history and needs. In addition, the entire family can visit the same dentist, saving time and leading to more personalized care.
Family dentists specialize in a wide range of services for patients of all ages, including:
1) General dental treatment
2) Fluoride treatment
3) Tooth restoration
4) Sedative dentistry
5) Restorative dentistry
Inspection and cleaning for the whole family
Regular checkups and cleanings are essential for patients of all ages, whether they are elderly or small children in our family.
Regular cleaning by a specialist is required to remove substances from your teeth and gums. Home oral hygiene practices can remove plaque, but some will remain. This plaque turns into tartar, but it cannot be removed at home with regular brushing or dental floss. It would be best to visit your dentist to have your teeth cleaned professionally.
Professional tooth cleaning gently removes substances from your teeth and gums. Children learn a lot about the importance of oral hygiene during the cleaning process. Some dental hygienists provide easy-to-understand oral hygiene education for children.
Regular dental examinations are just as important as regular general health examinations. You need to schedule standard tests for your family to fix potential dental health problems as soon as possible. Early detection of tooth decay and periodontal disease enables mild and cost-effective interventions. Depending on the patient’s age and medical history, the dentist may opt for oral cancer screening. For children, our team focuses on plaque build-up, tooth decay, and the effects of diet on oral health.
The importance of family dentistry
Here are some of the reasons why family dentistry is so important:
You can easily track the health of your family and keep a record of;
1) The dental treatment of the whole family. Our family dentists can help you anticipate problems and find practical solutions.
2) The Dental Dimensions provides you with convenience and comfort. Each of your family members will be taken to the same practice. You can schedule your appointment accordingly.
3) Helps prevent the occurrence of oral problems.
4) It also helps set an example before the child demonstrates the importance of maintaining oral health.
At The Dental Dimensions, we understand the needs of children and the elderly. Our dental practice always welcomes you and your family warm and friendly. We value, respect, and treat our families to build positive relationships with our patients. Call us today and make your promise for a healthy family.
Family Dentistry-General, preventive and comprehensive treatment for all age groups
Not all general dentists are family dentists. Though not as professional as pediatric dentists, most family dentists have at least some training in working with their children. This means that family dentistry is designed to help you address your oral hygiene needs and your child’s needs at every stage of your life.
Family dentists understand that children have different dental needs than adults, and they are trained to provide professional care to meet their unique oral hygiene needs. A family dentist can think of it as a “one-stop-shop. “Family dentists understand the changes that occur in the child’s mouth at every stage of life and are trained to provide a gentle and compassionate approach to dentistry.
Family Dental Services-What to Expect?
Most family dentists offer oral hygiene and preventive dentistry services and may also provide oral surgery such as orthodontics, dental implants, and aesthetic dentistry.
The most common services are:
Regular 6-month cleaning and inspection-
Tooth cleaning and a 6-month inspection are essential to allow the dentist to monitor your oral health and your child’s oral hygiene.
Fluoride Treatment and Tooth Sealants-
Fluoride and tooth sealants help fight cavities and are commonly used in children prone to cavities.
Caries Screening and Filling-Family dentists specialize in caries identification and padding treatment, as caries are the most common preventable child health condition.
Orthodontics-Most family dentists offer orthodontic tests, but not all provide in-house orthodontics and may be referred to another specialist.
Treatment of periodontal disease: Periodontal disease is so common in adults that family dentists can use deep lavage, gingival flap surgery, antibiotics, etc., to treat cases of periodontitis and periodontal disease.
Are Having These Symptoms? You Should See an Emergency Dentist!
With so many different dental problems, determine which ones are emergencies. In more critical circumstances, delaying a day to visit the dentist might Cause a huge impact of losing a tooth. Keep an eye out for these indicators to see whether you need to see an emergency dentist in South San Jose.
You Have Broken Tooth
A common emergency to visit a dentist is knocking out teeth. Though ,there’s no need to see an emergency dentist if your tooth is chipped and you’re not in any discomfort. A shattered or knocked-out permanent tooth usually causes excruciating agony. Not only will seeking emergency dental care help you manage your discomfort, but it also helps you to save your tooth. But if the tooth has been knocked out completely, place it in a cup of milk , tender coconut or your own saliva until you can get emergency dental care. It will enhance the possibility of the tooth being saved and reinserted.
You’re Suffering From Unsurprising Toothaches!
Toothaches expressed as completely unexplained, persistent, and severe might indicate gum disease and infection. If the pain worsens or does not go away, it’s time to see your emergency dentist. In the worst-case situation, you might end up with an abscessed tooth. Feel around the gums for a lump around the tooth that is causing you discomfort. Fever, swelling in the mouth or face, tooth sensitivity are further warning symptoms to look out for. Find an emergency dental facility right away if you experience any of these symptoms.
Tastes Like Pennies In Your Mouth
When you taste metal in your mouth, it’s usually indicated that your crown or filling is loose. It’s critical to get emergency dental care as soon as possible since an unsealed filling can lead to infection and cavities. But if you choose to wait too long, you may end up having a root canal or even extraction to correct the condition.
Gums Are Bleeding
After flossing or if you’ve been identified with gum disease, it’s common for your gums to bleed a bit. However, if the bleeding is severe, continuous, and accompanied by discomfort or edema, you should contact your dentist. Bleeding that isn’t explained might be an indication of periodontal disease.
You Have Swollen Mouth
A variety of factors can cause a swollen jaw. In exceedingly rare circumstances, it is directly caused by an infection, enlarged lymph nodes, or malignancy. It can be a severe indication of gum disease, as previously stated. Making an emergency dental visit is necessary because you cannot know what is causing the swelling.
To Sum Up
It is critical to seek emergency dental treatment if you suffer from teeth, gums, or mouth abnormalities. It’s crucial to catch any problems early on if you want to maintain your dental health and general well-being. Dental Dimensions, a South San Jose emergency dentist, provides this type of service. Call to arrange an appointment with our emergency dentist and take advantage of our services.
What are All On 4 Dental Implants
Introduction
All-on-4 is a treatment used to replace regular dentures. This procedure allows you to replace the entire arch of the tooth with the upper or lower part of the mouth. The dentist can attach the prosthesis with four adequately placed dental implants. The implant is first placed in the jawbone and replaces the natural root. Unlike traditional dental implants, which require a separate screw for each tooth, the All-on-4 dental implant method uses simply four tiny screws to hold the entire row of both the upper and lower teeth. In addition, unlike regular dentures, all four dental implants are not removable.
Advantages and Disadvantages of All-on-4 Dental Implants
All-on-4 dentures have become increasingly popular in recent years due to the following benefits:
1) Patients get a new smile on a single visit: All-on-4 implant procedures. The implant and prosthesis are placed at the same time. This means that most tooth-deficient patients return home with a complete set of teeth.
2) It saves the patient money: The cost of replacing an entire set of lost teeth with an implant is considered highly unreasonable for most people. But if you can afford it, you will find dental dentures as a permanent and more comfortable solution to the problem of tooth loss with affordable dental implants.
3) Only one treatment visit. This indicates that patients spend less time in and out of the dental clinic and never miss school or meetings. Implants are placed deep in the jaw, providing a safer base for dentures and reducing the potential risk of implant failure.
We are listing down some of the drawbacks of All on 4 Implants.
1) Patients should eat liquid food for the first two weeks after surgery. After the first two weeks, we can consider switching to semi-solid food, but it should change for at least six months while the implant is set in the bone tissue.
2) Due to the high occlusal force, not all 4 implants can be placed behind the mouth. The prosthesis needs to be deeply embedded to ensure a secure base.
The strengths outweigh the weaknesses.
If most natural teeth are missing, all on 4 dental implants are one of the best solutions available. Visit Swampscott’s location to learn more about the process and start treatment.
What happens if I get all on 4 dental implants?
First, visit your dentist or oral surgeon to determine if you are a candidate for the All-on-4 procedure. Traditional dental implants are recommended for patients who lack some teeth and still have healthy teeth, and Implants are usually inserted simultaneously, and a denture is attached.
In general, this procedure is performed with proper local or general anesthesia. At first, the dentist removes the rotten teeth and inflamed gums to prepare the jaw for the implant. Then place the two screws in front of the mouth and the two screws behind the mouth. Thanks to these screws, the prosthesis has a stable base. In most cases, dental implant dentists use titanium screws to replace the roots of your baby’s teeth. The roots of a baby’s teeth grow with the bones over time. And lastly, the dentist screws the entire dental arch of the plastic or porcelain prosthesis.
Pediatric Dentistry west & south San Jose, California
What about Pediatric dentistry – Pediatric dentistry specializes in children’s oral health from birth to adolescence. Pediatric dentists have the training and knowledge to look after a child’s teeth, gums, and mouth at all stages of development.
Children begin to develop their baby teeth during the first six months of life. They begin to lose their initial set of teeth at 6 or 7; secondary and permanent teeth can eventually replace these. More importantly, Children who do not receive sufficient dental care risk developing oral decay and illness, leading to a lifetime of pain and consequences. Early childhood dental caries, an infectious condition, now affect five times as many children as asthma.
Training For Pediatric Dentistry In West San Jose
Pediatric dentists have completed at least one of the following courses:
- Dental school is a four-year program.
- Two years of additional dental residency training for newborns, teens, and special needs children.
- Preventive Dental Treatments For Children Sealants and fluoride are two preventive dental treatments for youngsters. Both of these treatments work to keep cavities at bay.
- Tooth Sealants – If a child’s baby’s (primary) teeth have deep pits and grooves, a sealant may be applied to prevent tooth decay. On the other hand, adhesives are rarely used on permanent teeth since they aren’t strong enough.
- Fluoride Treatment – Children are less likely to get cavities if they practice good dental hygiene at home. Fluoride use, brushing twice a day, and flossing once a day are among these routines. If a kid does have a cavity, treatment, such as dental fillings or crowns, is critical. Since fluoride was introduced, there has been a decrease in dental cavities in children and adults. The fluoride levels in drinking water should be no more than 0.7 parts per million (ppm). Excessive fluoride consumption, on the other hand, can cause tooth fluorosis.
Hypo mineralization of tooth enamel causes fluorosis, which results in improper enamel formation (white or brown spots). Children are more likely to have the disorder, especially during the first few years of tooth development.
Search Fast Pediatric Dentist Near Me Going to the dentist is not the same as going to the doctor for youngsters. Unlike adults, they can’t always sit still and comply during a dental exam or teeth cleaning. Pediatric dentists are aware of this and are trained to make procedures more pleasant. The equipment and décor in a pediatric dentistry clinic are designed to appeal to children.
Doctors advise visiting the dentist six months after your child’s first tooth shows, or 12 months at the most. The first appointment usually lasts 30 to 45 minutes, and their age determines the type of assessment and therapy a kid receives.
Its better if you expect the following during a typical oral health exam with a pediatric dentist:
- A quick conversation about your child’s dental health, brushing, and flossing habits
- Examine the teeth, gums, jaws, bite, and surrounding oral tissues to determine their growth.
- Pediatric dentists only use X-rays on infants’ teeth if they detect tooth decay or need to check the tooth’s root. Young children should not undergo X-rays unless they are medically essential.
Best cosmetic dentistry in west san jose | Cosmetic Dentist
Let us start with the basic concept of Cosmetic Dentistry and How Does It Work?
If your teeth are damaged, worn, chipped, cracked, discolored, misaligned, misshapen, or have gaps between them, Cosmetic Dentistry in San Jose can help. A “smile makeover” is a cosmetic dentistry procedure that helps to improve your smile’s appearance. Cosmetic dentists collaborate with you to establish a treatment plan. The following details will help you understand more about the various types of cosmetic dentistry procedures available.
Types of Cosmetic Dentistry
Teeth whitening
Teeth whitening is one of the simple, common yet most cost-effective ways to improve your smile. Teeth can be bleached in your dental clinic in san jose for about $500 using in-office products or at home using a mold and gels purchased from your dentist. For at-home whitening convenience, whitening toothpaste, rinses, and white strips are available over the counter in retail locations. The prices of these things range from $3 to $50.
Veneers for the teeth
Dental veneers are wafer-thin porcelain or resin shells that are custom-made to cover the front surfaces of the teeth. After about a half-millimeter of enamel is removed from the tooth surface, these thin shells are bonded (cemented) to the front of the teeth, which will change their color, form, size, or length to give a complete makeover and improve your appearance. Hollywood teeth is a term used to describe veneers. This surgery costs between $500 and $1300 per tooth and lives up to its name.
Dental bonding
a tooth-colored, putty-like resin is directly applied to the tooth and hardened with ultraviolet or laser light, allowing the substance to attach to the tooth. Your dentist will next trim, shape, and polish the tooth. Bonding is a cosmetic alternative to or replacement for amalgam or silver fillings, and it can be used to fix damaged, chipped, cracked, or misshapen teeth. Bonding costs $100 to $400 per tooth and takes 30 to 60 minutes per tooth.
Dental crown
above the gum line, a dental crown, also known as a cap, covers and restores the size, shape, strength, and appearance of a decayed or broken tooth. Crowns are used to protect a weak tooth from fracturing or to hold a damaged tooth together and to cosmetically conceal misshapen or discolored teeth. Crowns are made of metal, porcelain-fused-to-metal, resin, or ceramic and cost between $500 and $900.
Inlays and onlays
Inlays and onlays, which are also known as indirect fillings, use gold, porcelain, or composite materials to replace damaged or broken teeth. Inlays and onlays are custom-made in a dental lab and put in place by your dental specialist in San Jose. Inlays and Onlays are created in a dental laboratory and bonded into place by your dentist. Dental fillings are molded into place during an office visit; however, inlays and onlays are created in a dental laboratory and bonded into place by your dentist. An inlay is a filling bonded within the center of a tooth, whereas an onlay is a filling that includes one or more points of the tooth or covers the biting surface. Because they maintain as many healthy teeth as possible, inlays and onlays are a viable alternative to crowns. This cosmetic dental treatment might cost anything from $650 to $1,200 per tooth.
Dental implants
Dental implants are titanium replacement tooth roots surgically implanted into the bone socket of a missing tooth. The jawbone directly grows around the metal post as it heals, anchoring it in the jaw and establishing the foundation for a new tooth. This procedure could cost anything from $1,250 to $3,000.
Emergency Dental Care Services
Introduction
Patients who require immediate dental care can schedule appointments on the same day. Our objective is to relieve you from pain, save your teeth. We are here to assist you in the event of a dental emergency.
Why you should visit a dentist during an emergency?
Playing sports is the leading cause of adult tooth damage, according to the American Dental Association. This affects all forms of sports and necessitates emergency appointments throughout San Jose, CA. A person can get his teeth damaged or even miss one or more teeth in a lot of ways. Even while playing a sport one may lose his teeth. The same is true for children who participate in sports. Even if you take precautions such as wearing a mouth guard, a dental emergency might still occur.
Accidents are one of the major contributors to teeth loss. When your tooth gets damaged in an accident you should approach a dentist nearby for emergency care. After that, contact us to schedule an appointment with a dentist. We will provide you with emergency dental care.
Need Emergency Dental Care?
There is no need to suffer if you have a toothache, an abscess, a chipped or fractured tooth, a dental crown that has fallen off, or any other tooth pain or issue that you can’t wait to be fixed. Our San Jose emergency dentist is available to give the services you require to relieve you from pain. We’re available 24 hours a day, seven days a week.
Any dental emergency, such as a tooth or gum injury, can be dangerous and should not be neglected. Ignoring a dental problem might result in lasting damage and the need for more comprehensive and costly treatment in the future.
All emergency calls will be directed to the doctor after the clinic is closed. He will call you back as soon as possible. If necessary, the office will be open for emergency visits after the doctor has examined the situation.
We provide an In-House Premier Dental Plan Low-Cost Individual Dental Coverage), and affordable pricing schedule for most emergency dental procedures that are only valid at Comfort Dental Group. Cleanings and tooth fillings are less expensive, like other cosmetic dentistry operations and dental crowns.
How will the emergency dentist treat me?
Dentists and other staff at Today’s Dentistry provide high-quality treatment and care relieving the patient from pain and discomfort. We are flexible in providing appointments and our appointments are based on the patient’s convenience. While many dentists ask you to plan appointments for months, our team will work with you to get you the treatment you need as soon as possible. Cleaning your teeth twice a year and eating a healthy diet all year can help you avoid dental emergencies.
What Does a Dentist Do? What To Expect During A Routine Checkup
Introduction
Why do I need to go to the dentist if I brush and floss my teeth regularly? What exactly does a dentist do? Brushing and flossing alone aren’t enough to keep your teeth healthy. Regular dental examinations, in addition to proper oral hygiene, help to prevent most tooth disorders. Dental x-rays, cancer screenings, oral exams, scaling, and polishing, fluoride, sealants, and oral care instruction are things that the Dentist will provide you at the clinic.
Oral Examination
A dental hygienist or dentist will check teeth during a routine visit and look for signs of poor oral hygiene. Their purpose is to identify any prospective areas for treatment, such as:
- Detection of decay: The Dentist will check whether there is any tooth decay. They’ll also check for any softening of tooth enamel.
- Check your gums: Your dentist will measure the pockets surrounding your teeth to see whether any bone has got damaged because of gum disease.
- Bite evaluation: To preserve your oral health, the dentist will examine your bite and search for any red flags.
- Teeth development check (for children): The repeated usage of Dentists or dental hygienists can be avoided. Closely monitor a child’s teeth development and eruption pattern to provide orthodontic referrals if necessary.
Dental X-Rays
At regular check-ups, routine dental X-rays are taken. They come in handy as they can detect cavities between your teeth. They can also tell you about the health and height of the supporting bone that surrounds your teeth. They also show the dentist the position of a child’s developing teeth.
Dental X-rays come in a variety of shapes and sizes. Your dentist will take a call as to which X-ray would be suitable for your ailment.
Oral Cancer Screening
Oral cancer screening is another essential service provided by dentists. Early detection of Cancer becomes much critical as there is maximum chances of providing better treatment.
Your dentist will use gauze to hold your tongue during the screening and then evaluate your tongue and mouth for any indications or symptoms.
Scaling and polishing
Dentists advise that you should clean your teeth regularly to keep your gum tissue healthy and prevent periodontal disease. Doctors will use instruments to remove any hardened plaque (called tartar). They’ll then use a specific paste to remove stains and polish the enamel of your teeth. They might floss your teeth as well.
Home Care Instruction
The usage of a Dental hygienist or dentist regularly can be avoided through your precise home care instructions. This includes brushing and flossing strategies that are both effective and efficient. It may also contain food and nutrition suggestions that are tailored to your dental health. Asking inquiries regarding your dental health at this time is usually a good idea! Just inquire if you have any questions concerning your oral health.
You now have a fair concept of what happens during a regular dental visit. You know what to expect from the oral exam to the sealant treatment. Visiting the dentist regularly is critical to maintaining good dental health. It will not only clean your teeth, but it will also provide you with X-rays, a general oral exam, as well as an oral cancer exam, and maybe fluoride and sealants. So, if it’s been a while, make an appointment with your dentist right away. It will be beneficial to your teeth!
